Istanzia
Mentioned in Small Gods, this nation was at one point conquered by Omnia. It was the birthplace of Sergeant Simony, who as a child saw his country being annexed by the Omnian theocracy, witnessed heretics being guided to true belief by the Quisition, and did not forget.
By the time of The Fifth Elephant, Istanzia has become independent and sent an ambassador to Ankh-Morpork. They also had an army, as Istanzian troops were transgressing over the Slipnir River. Lord Vetinari comments on Sam Vimes's diplomatic skills in regards to this situation- Vimes told the ambassador that any further transgressions would involve the ambassador "going home in an ambulance."
Their armed forces have since pulled so far back that they are nearly in the next country...